Создание многоязычного сайта: WPML vs Polylang vs нативные решения

sql<code><em>-- WPML добавляет 4 таблицы</em>
wp_icl_translations
wp_icl_languages
wp_icl_translate
wp_icl_strings
</code>

sql<code><em>-- WPML добавляет 4 таблицы</em> wp_icl_translations wp_icl_languages wp_icl_translate wp_icl_strings </code>

php<code><em>// functions.php</em>
<em>// Отключение WPML на страницах, где не нужна мультиязычность</em>
add_filter('wpml_load_language_selector', function($load) {
    if (is_admin() || is_404()) {
        return false;
    }
    return $load;
});

<em>// Кэширование языковых переключателей</em>
add_filter('wpml_ls_cached_languages', function($cached, $args) {
    $cache_key = 'wpml_ls_' . md5(serialize($args));
    $cached_languages = wp_cache_get($cache_key);
    
    if (false === $cached_languages) {
        $cached_languages = apply_filters('wpml_active_languages', null);
        wp_cache_set($cache_key, $cached_languages, '', 3600);
    }
    
    return $cached_languages;
}, 10, 2);

<em>// Оптимизация запросов к wp_icl_translations</em>
add_filter('posts_clauses', function($clauses, $query) {
    global $wpdb;
    
    if (!$query->is_main_query() || is_admin()) {
        return $clauses;
    }
    
    <em>// Добавление индексов для WPML таблиц (один раз)</em>
    <em>// CREATE INDEX idx_language_code ON wp_icl_translations(language_code);</em>
    <em>// CREATE INDEX idx_element_type ON wp_icl_translations(element_type);</em>
    
    return $clauses;
}, 10, 2);
</code>

php<code><em>// functions.php</em> <em>// Отключение WPML на страницах, где не нужна мультиязычность</em> add_filter('wpml_load_language_selector', function($load) {     if (is_admin() || is_404()) {         return false;     }     return $load; });  <em>// Кэширование языковых переключателей</em> add_filter('wpml_ls_cached_languages', function($cached, $args) {     $cache_key = 'wpml_ls_' . md5(serialize($args));     $cached_languages = wp_cache_get($cache_key);          if (false === $cached_languages) {         $cached_languages = apply_filters('wpml_active_languages', null);         wp_cache_set($cache_key, $cached_languages, '', 3600);     }          return $cached_languages; }, 10, 2);  <em>// Оптимизация запросов к wp_icl_translations</em> add_filter('posts_clauses', function($clauses, $query) {     global $wpdb;          if (!$query->is_main_query() || is_admin()) {         return $clauses;     }          <em>// Добавление индексов для WPML таблиц (один раз)</em>     <em>// CREATE INDEX idx_language_code ON wp_icl_translations(language_code);</em>     <em>// CREATE INDEX idx_element_type ON wp_icl_translations(element_type);</em>          return $clauses; }, 10, 2); </code>

php<code><em>// Оптимизация WooCommerce Multilingual</em>
add_action('init', function() {
    <em>// Отключение ненужных хуков WCML</em>
    remove_action('woocommerce_cart_loaded_from_session', array(
        $GLOBALS['woocommerce_wpml']->multi_currency, 
        'check_admin_referer_restriction'
    ));
    
    <em>// Кэширование конвертации валют</em>
    add_filter('wcml_exchange_rates', function($rates) {
        $cached_rates = get_transient('wcml_cached_rates');
        
        if (false === $cached_rates) {
            set_transient('wcml_cached_rates', $rates, HOUR_IN_SECONDS);
            return $rates;
        }
        
        return $cached_rates;
    });
});
</code>

php<code><em>// Оптимизация WooCommerce Multilingual</em> add_action('init', function() {     <em>// Отключение ненужных хуков WCML</em>     remove_action('woocommerce_cart_loaded_from_session', array(         $GLOBALS['woocommerce_wpml']->multi_currency,          'check_admin_referer_restriction'     ));          <em>// Кэширование конвертации валют</em>     add_filter('wcml_exchange_rates', function($rates) {         $cached_rates = get_transient('wcml_cached_rates');                  if (false === $cached_rates) {             set_transient('wcml_cached_rates', $rates, HOUR_IN_SECONDS);             return $rates;         }                  return $cached_rates;     }); }); </code>

php<code>// Кастомная интеграция DeepL для Polylang
class Polylang_DeepL_Integration {
    
    private $api_key;
    private $api_url = 'https://api-free.deepl.com/v2/translate';
    
    public function __construct($api_key) {
        $this->api_key = $api_key;
        add_action('add_meta_boxes', array($this, 'add_translation_metabox'));
        add_action('wp_ajax_auto_translate_post', array($this, 'auto_translate_post'));
    }
    
    public function add_translation_metabox() {
        $post_types = get_post_types(array('public' => true));
        
        foreach ($post_types as $post_type) {
            add_meta_box(
                'deepl_auto_translate',
                'DeepL Auto Translation',
                array($this, 'render_metabox'),
                $post_type,
                'side',
                'high'
            );
        }
    }
    
    public function render_metabox($post) {
        $languages = pll_languages_list();
        $current_lang = pll_get_post_language($post->ID);
        
        echo '<select id="target_language" name="target_language">';
        foreach ($languages as $lang) {
            if ($lang !== $current_lang) {
                echo "<option value='$lang'>" . strtoupper($lang) . "</option>";
            }
        }
        echo '</select>';
        
        echo '<button type="button" id="auto_translate_btn" class="button">
                Auto Translate
              </button>';
        
        ?>
        <script>
        jQuery('#auto_translate_btn').on('click', function() {
            const targetLang = jQuery('#target_language').val();
            const postId = <?php echo $post->ID; ?>;
            
            jQuery.post(ajaxurl, {
                action: 'auto_translate_post',
                post_id: postId,
                target_lang: targetLang,
                nonce: '<?php echo wp_create_nonce('auto_translate'); ?>'
            }, function(response) {
                if (response.success) {
                    window.location.href = response.data.edit_url;
                } else {
                    alert('Translation failed: ' + response.data.message);
                }
            });
        });
        </script>
        <?php
    }
    
    public function auto_translate_post() {
        check_ajax_referer('auto_translate', 'nonce');
        
        $post_id = intval($_POST['post_id']);
        $target_lang = sanitize_text_field($_POST['target_lang']);
        
        $post = get_post($post_id);
        if (!$post) {
            wp_send_json_error(array('message' => 'Post not found'));
        }
        
        <em>// Перевод заголовка и контента через DeepL</em>
        $translated_title = $this->translate_text($post->post_title, $target_lang);
        $translated_content = $this->translate_text($post->post_content, $target_lang);
        
        <em>// Создание перевода в Polylang</em>
        $translation_id = wp_insert_post(array(
            'post_title' => $translated_title,
            'post_content' => $translated_content,
            'post_status' => 'draft',
            'post_type' => $post->post_type
        ));
        
        <em>// Связывание с оригиналом</em>
        pll_set_post_language($translation_id, $target_lang);
        pll_save_post_translations(array(
            pll_get_post_language($post_id) => $post_id,
            $target_lang => $translation_id
        ));
        
        wp_send_json_success(array(
            'edit_url' => get_edit_post_link($translation_id, 'raw')
        ));
    }
    
    private function translate_text($text, $target_lang) {
        $response = wp_remote_post($this->api_url, array(
            'body' => array(
                'auth_key' => $this->api_key,
                'text' => $text,
                'target_lang' => strtoupper($target_lang)
            ),
            'timeout' => 30
        ));
        
        if (is_wp_error($response)) {
            return $text;
        }
        
        $body = json_decode(wp_remote_retrieve_body($response), true);
        return $body['translations'][0]['text'] ?? $text;
    }
}

<em>// Инициализация</em>
new Polylang_DeepL_Integration('YOUR_DEEPL_API_KEY');
</code>

php<code>// Кастомная интеграция DeepL для Polylang class Polylang_DeepL_Integration {          private $api_key;     private $api_url = 'https://api-free.deepl.com/v2/translate';          public function __construct($api_key) {         $this->api_key = $api_key;         add_action('add_meta_boxes', array($this, 'add_translation_metabox'));         add_action('wp_ajax_auto_translate_post', array($this, 'auto_translate_post'));     }          public function add_translation_metabox() {         $post_types = get_post_types(array('public' => true));                  foreach ($post_types as $post_type) {             add_meta_box(                 'deepl_auto_translate',                 'DeepL Auto Translation',                 array($this, 'render_metabox'),                 $post_type,                 'side',                 'high'             );         }     }          public function render_metabox($post) {         $languages = pll_languages_list();         $current_lang = pll_get_post_language($post->ID);                  echo '<select id="target_language" name="target_language">';         foreach ($languages as $lang) {             if ($lang !== $current_lang) {                 echo "<option value='$lang'>" . strtoupper($lang) . "</option>";             }         }         echo '</select>';                  echo '<button type="button" id="auto_translate_btn" class="button">                 Auto Translate               </button>';                  ?>         <script>         jQuery('#auto_translate_btn').on('click', function() {             const targetLang = jQuery('#target_language').val();             const postId = <?php echo $post->ID; ?>;                          jQuery.post(ajaxurl, {                 action: 'auto_translate_post',                 post_id: postId,                 target_lang: targetLang,                 nonce: '<?php echo wp_create_nonce('auto_translate'); ?>'             }, function(response) {                 if (response.success) {                     window.location.href = response.data.edit_url;                 } else {                     alert('Translation failed: ' + response.data.message);                 }             });         });         </script>         <?php     }          public function auto_translate_post() {         check_ajax_referer('auto_translate', 'nonce');                  $post_id = intval($_POST['post_id']);         $target_lang = sanitize_text_field($_POST['target_lang']);                  $post = get_post($post_id);         if (!$post) {             wp_send_json_error(array('message' => 'Post not found'));         }                  <em>// Перевод заголовка и контента через DeepL</em>         $translated_title = $this->translate_text($post->post_title, $target_lang);         $translated_content = $this->translate_text($post->post_content, $target_lang);                  <em>// Создание перевода в Polylang</em>         $translation_id = wp_insert_post(array(             'post_title' => $translated_title,             'post_content' => $translated_content,             'post_status' => 'draft',             'post_type' => $post->post_type         ));                  <em>// Связывание с оригиналом</em>         pll_set_post_language($translation_id, $target_lang);         pll_save_post_translations(array(             pll_get_post_language($post_id) => $post_id,             $target_lang => $translation_id         ));                  wp_send_json_success(array(             'edit_url' => get_edit_post_link($translation_id, 'raw')         ));     }          private function translate_text($text, $target_lang) {         $response = wp_remote_post($this->api_url, array(             'body' => array(                 'auth_key' => $this->api_key,                 'text' => $text,                 'target_lang' => strtoupper($target_lang)             ),             'timeout' => 30         ));                  if (is_wp_error($response)) {             return $text;         }                  $body = json_decode(wp_remote_retrieve_body($response), true);         return $body['translations'][0]['text'] ?? $text;     } }  <em>// Инициализация</em> new Polylang_DeepL_Integration('YOUR_DEEPL_API_KEY'); </code>

xml<code><em><!-- Автоматически добавляется Polylang --></em>
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://site.com/en/page/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://site.com/de/seite/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://site.com/fr/page/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://site.com/en/page/" />
</code>

xml<code><em><!-- Автоматически добавляется Polylang --></em> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://site.com/en/page/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://site.com/de/seite/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://site.com/fr/page/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://site.com/en/page/" /> </code>

php<code><em>// Добавление отладочной информации для hreflang</em>
add_action('wp_head', function() {
    if (isset($_GET['debug_hreflang'])) {
        $translations = pll_the_languages(array('raw' => 1));
        
        echo '<!-- HREFLANG DEBUG -->' . "\n";
        foreach ($translations as $lang) {
            echo '<!-- ' . $lang['slug'] . ': ' . $lang['url'] . ' -->' . "\n";
        }
    }
}, 1);
</code>

php<code><em>// Добавление отладочной информации для hreflang</em> add_action('wp_head', function() {     if (isset($_GET['debug_hreflang'])) {         $translations = pll_the_languages(array('raw' => 1));                  echo '<!-- HREFLANG DEBUG -->' . "\n";         foreach ($translations as $lang) {             echo '<!-- ' . $lang['slug'] . ': ' . $lang['url'] . ' -->' . "\n";         }     } }, 1); </code>

php<code><em>// Активация Multisite</em>
define('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true);
define('MULTISITE', true);
define('SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', true);
define('DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', 'example.com');
define('PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/');
define('SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);
define('BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);

<em>// Маппинг языков на subsites</em>
define('MULTISITE_LANGUAGES', array(
    1 => 'en', <em>// example.com</em>
    2 => 'de', <em>// de.example.com</em>
    3 => 'fr', <em>// fr.example.com</em>
    4 => 'es', <em>// es.example.com</em>
));
</code>

php<code><em>// Активация Multisite</em> define('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true); define('MULTISITE', true); define('SUBDOMAIN_INSTALL', true); define('DOMAIN_CURRENT_SITE', 'example.com'); define('PATH_CURRENT_SITE', '/'); define('SITE_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1); define('BLOG_ID_CURRENT_SITE', 1);  <em>// Маппинг языков на subsites</em> define('MULTISITE_LANGUAGES', array(     1 => 'en', <em>// example.com</em>     2 => 'de', <em>// de.example.com</em>     3 => 'fr', <em>// fr.example.com</em>     4 => 'es', <em>// es.example.com</em> )); </code>

php<code><em>// Кастомный language switcher</em>
class Multisite_Language_Switcher {
    
    private $sites_map = array();
    
    public function __construct() {
        $this->init_sites_map();
        add_action('wp_footer', array($this, 'render_switcher'));
        add_action('wp_head', array($this, 'add_hreflang_tags'));
    }
    
    private function init_sites_map() {
        <em>// Маппинг site_id => язык => URL</em>
        $this->sites_map = array(
            'en' => array('site_id' => 1, 'domain' => 'example.com', 'name' => 'English'),
            'de' => array('site_id' => 2, 'domain' => 'de.example.com', 'name' => 'Deutsch'),
            'fr' => array('site_id' => 3, 'domain' => 'fr.example.com', 'name' => 'Français'),
            'es' => array('site_id' => 4, 'domain' => 'es.example.com', 'name' => 'Español')
        );
    }
    
    public function render_switcher() {
        $current_lang = $this->get_current_language();
        $current_path = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
        
        echo '<div class="language-switcher">';
        echo '<select onchange="window.location.href=this.value">';
        
        foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {
            $url = 'https://' . $site_data['domain'] . $current_path;
            $selected = ($lang_code === $current_lang) ? 'selected' : '';
            
            echo "<option value='$url' $selected>{$site_data['name']}</option>";
        }
        
        echo '</select>';
        echo '</div>';
    }
    
    public function add_hreflang_tags() {
        $current_path = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
        
        foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {
            $url = 'https://' . $site_data['domain'] . $current_path;
            echo '<link rel="alternate" hreflang="' . $lang_code . '" href="' . esc_url($url) . '" />' . "\n";
        }
        
        <em>// x-default на английскую версию</em>
        echo '<link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://example.com' . $current_path . '" />' . "\n";
    }
    
    private function get_current_language() {
        $site_id = get_current_blog_id();
        
        foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {
            if ($site_data['site_id'] === $site_id) {
                return $lang_code;
            }
        }
        
        return 'en'; <em>// fallback</em>
    }
}

new Multisite_Language_Switcher();
</code>

php<code><em>// Кастомный language switcher</em> class Multisite_Language_Switcher {          private $sites_map = array();          public function __construct() {         $this->init_sites_map();         add_action('wp_footer', array($this, 'render_switcher'));         add_action('wp_head', array($this, 'add_hreflang_tags'));     }          private function init_sites_map() {         <em>// Маппинг site_id => язык => URL</em>         $this->sites_map = array(             'en' => array('site_id' => 1, 'domain' => 'example.com', 'name' => 'English'),             'de' => array('site_id' => 2, 'domain' => 'de.example.com', 'name' => 'Deutsch'),             'fr' => array('site_id' => 3, 'domain' => 'fr.example.com', 'name' => 'Français'),             'es' => array('site_id' => 4, 'domain' => 'es.example.com', 'name' => 'Español')         );     }          public function render_switcher() {         $current_lang = $this->get_current_language();         $current_path = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];                  echo '<div class="language-switcher">';         echo '<select onchange="window.location.href=this.value">';                  foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {             $url = 'https://' . $site_data['domain'] . $current_path;             $selected = ($lang_code === $current_lang) ? 'selected' : '';                          echo "<option value='$url' $selected>{$site_data['name']}</option>";         }                  echo '</select>';         echo '</div>';     }          public function add_hreflang_tags() {         $current_path = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];                  foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {             $url = 'https://' . $site_data['domain'] . $current_path;             echo '<link rel="alternate" hreflang="' . $lang_code . '" href="' . esc_url($url) . '" />' . "\n";         }                  <em>// x-default на английскую версию</em>         echo '<link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://example.com' . $current_path . '" />' . "\n";     }          private function get_current_language() {         $site_id = get_current_blog_id();                  foreach ($this->sites_map as $lang_code => $site_data) {             if ($site_data['site_id'] === $site_id) {                 return $lang_code;             }         }                  return 'en'; <em>// fallback</em>     } }  new Multisite_Language_Switcher(); </code>

php<code><em>// Кастомная синхронизация медиа между сайтами</em>
add_action('add_attachment', function($attachment_id) {
    global $wpdb;
    
    $current_blog_id = get_current_blog_id();
    $all_blogs = get_sites();
    
    foreach ($all_blogs as $blog) {
        if ($blog->blog_id == $current_blog_id) continue;
        
        switch_to_blog($blog->blog_id);
        
        <em>// Копирование медиафайла в другой сайт</em>
        $attachment_data = get_post($attachment_id, ARRAY_A);
        $attachment_data['ID'] = null;
        
        $new_attachment_id = wp_insert_attachment($attachment_data);
        
        <em>// Копирование метаданных</em>
        $metadata = wp_get_attachment_metadata($attachment_id);
        wp_update_attachment_metadata($new_attachment_id, $metadata);
        
        restore_current_blog();
    }
});
</code>

php<code><em>// Кастомная синхронизация медиа между сайтами</em> add_action('add_attachment', function($attachment_id) {     global $wpdb;          $current_blog_id = get_current_blog_id();     $all_blogs = get_sites();          foreach ($all_blogs as $blog) {         if ($blog->blog_id == $current_blog_id) continue;                  switch_to_blog($blog->blog_id);                  <em>// Копирование медиафайла в другой сайт</em>         $attachment_data = get_post($attachment_id, ARRAY_A);         $attachment_data['ID'] = null;                  $new_attachment_id = wp_insert_attachment($attachment_data);                  <em>// Копирование метаданных</em>         $metadata = wp_get_attachment_metadata($attachment_id);         wp_update_attachment_metadata($new_attachment_id, $metadata);                  restore_current_blog();     } }); </code>

php<code>function validate_hreflang_tags() {
    $errors = array();
    
    <em>// Получение всех hreflang тегов</em>
    ob_start();
    wp_head();
    $head_content = ob_get_clean();
    
    preg_match_all('/<link[^>]+hreflang=["\']([^"\']+)["\'][^>]+href=["\']([^"\']+)["\']/', 
                   $head_content, 
                   $matches, 
                   PREG_SET_ORDER);
    
    $hreflang_map = array();
    foreach ($matches as $match) {
        $hreflang_map[$match[1]] = $match[2];
    }
    
    <em>// Проверка 1: Self-referencing</em>
    $current_url = home_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
    $current_lang = pll_current_language();
    
    if (!isset($hreflang_map[$current_lang])) {
        $errors[] = "Missing self-referencing hreflang for language: $current_lang";
    }
    
    <em>// Проверка 2: Взаимные ссылки</em>
    foreach ($hreflang_map as $lang => $url) {
        $remote_hreflangs = get_remote_hreflang_tags($url);
        
        if (!in_array($current_url, $remote_hreflangs)) {
            $errors[] = "Broken reciprocal link: $url doesn't link back to $current_url";
        }
    }
    
    <em>// Проверка 3: x-default</em>
    if (!isset($hreflang_map['x-default'])) {
        $errors[] = "Missing x-default hreflang tag";
    }
    
    return $errors;
}
</code>

php<code>function validate_hreflang_tags() {     $errors = array();          <em>// Получение всех hreflang тегов</em>     ob_start();     wp_head();     $head_content = ob_get_clean();          preg_match_all('/<link[^>]+hreflang=["\']([^"\']+)["\'][^>]+href=["\']([^"\']+)["\']/',                     $head_content,                     $matches,                     PREG_SET_ORDER);          $hreflang_map = array();     foreach ($matches as $match) {         $hreflang_map[$match[1]] = $match[2];     }          <em>// Проверка 1: Self-referencing</em>     $current_url = home_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);     $current_lang = pll_current_language();          if (!isset($hreflang_map[$current_lang])) {         $errors[] = "Missing self-referencing hreflang for language: $current_lang";     }          <em>// Проверка 2: Взаимные ссылки</em>     foreach ($hreflang_map as $lang => $url) {         $remote_hreflangs = get_remote_hreflang_tags($url);                  if (!in_array($current_url, $remote_hreflangs)) {             $errors[] = "Broken reciprocal link: $url doesn't link back to $current_url";         }     }          <em>// Проверка 3: x-default</em>     if (!isset($hreflang_map['x-default'])) {         $errors[] = "Missing x-default hreflang tag";     }          return $errors; } </code>

php<code><em>// Кэширование MO файлов в object cache</em>
function cache_translation_files() {
    add_filter('override_load_textdomain', function($override, $domain, $mofile) {
        $cache_key = 'mo_file_' . md5($mofile);
        $translations = wp_cache_get($cache_key);
        
        if (false === $translations) {
            $mo = new MO();
            $mo->import_from_file($mofile);
            $translations = $mo->entries;
            
            wp_cache_set($cache_key, $translations, '', 86400);
        }
        
        global $l10n;
        $l10n[$domain] = (object) array('entries' => $translations);
        
        return true;
    }, 10, 3);
}
add_action('init', 'cache_translation_files');
</code>

php<code><em>// Кэширование MO файлов в object cache</em> function cache_translation_files() {     add_filter('override_load_textdomain', function($override, $domain, $mofile) {         $cache_key = 'mo_file_' . md5($mofile);         $translations = wp_cache_get($cache_key);                  if (false === $translations) {             $mo = new MO();             $mo->import_from_file($mofile);             $translations = $mo->entries;                          wp_cache_set($cache_key, $translations, '', 86400);         }                  global $l10n;         $l10n[$domain] = (object) array('entries' => $translations);                  return true;     }, 10, 3); } add_action('init', 'cache_translation_files'); </code>